C# - how to create an inherited generic collection from a factory method

Question

I am trying to write a factory method that will create a derived instance of an abstract generic collection class. Here are the base classes ...

abstract class ItemBase { }

abstract class CollectionBase<T> : Collection<T> where T : ItemBase, new() { }

...and their derived classes ...

class Item : ItemBase { }

class ItemCollection : CollectionBase<Item> {}

Now, I want a factory method that will create an ItemCollection. But note that the derived classes Item and ItemCollection are unknown to the class that contains this factory method. This is how I imagine it should be ...

static T CreateItemCollection<T>() where T : CollectionBase<ItemBase>, new()
{
    return new T();
}

... and I imagine invoking it thus ...

var collection = CreateItemCollection<ItemCollection>();

But the factory method won't compile because ItemBase must have a parameterless constructor. And the invokation call refuses to believe that ItemCollection is derived from CollectionBase<ItemBase>.

Can someone please point me in the right direction? Thanks.

Answer 1

ItemCollection isn't derived from CollectionBase<ItemBase>, due to generic invariance. After all, you can add an ItemBase to a CollectionBase<ItemBase> - but you don't want that for your ItemCollection!

You need to make the method generic in two type parameters:

static T CreateItemCollection<TCollection, TItem>()
    where TCollection : CollectionBase<TItem>, new()
    where TItem : ItemBase
{
    return new TCollection();
}

Only the collection type needs a parameterless constructor. You'd call this with:

var collection = CreateItemCollection<ItemCollection, Item>();

Answer 2

The problem here is generic constraints, in C# 3.0, have any leeway with regards to variance. The matching is instead fairly strict. Since ItemCollection derives from CollectionBase<Item> it is not considered to be derived from CollectionBase<ItemBase> even though the types may appear to be compatible.