I read here that when sending an image for print it can have multiple color profiles assigned to it, which will cause a difference in color between what is displayed on your monitor and what is printed on your printer.
I was wondering if there were any tools and or libraries that can detect what "stacked" color profiles have been assigned to the image.
That isn't very well written and it would seem as though you've misunderstood it completely. With the possible exception of device link profiles (which almost nobody uses) you're not very likely to ever encounter any document with more than one ICC profile embedded in it. There is absolutely no way to programmatically determine whether or not the profile that is there is the "correct" one unless its a picture of a color target with known values, and there certainly isn't any way to tell how many conversions an image has gone through.
Actually, I take that back; you will find PDFs with multiple profiles. Just not single images.