Using Android Test Framework

Answer 1

Take a look at Robotium
'a open-source test framework created to make automatic black-box testing of Android applications significantly faster and easier than what is possible with Android instrumentation tests out-of-the-box.'

Homepage: http://www.robotium.org/
Source: http://github.com/jayway/robotium

Please note that the Robotium project is maintained by the company I work for

Answer 2

I found this tutorial from droidcon 09 to be really informative. Complete with downloadable working source code examples.

It walks through creating a Celcius to Fahrenheit temperature converter test-first using ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2, TestCase and AndroidTestCase.