What's a fluent interface?

Question

I recently came across this expression - but reading up on Wikipedia did not clarify it much for me - I still don't get it:

1. What's the point of it
2. How is it used in practice (i.e. how does it benefit a coder in their day to day work/building systems)?

[Edit] The Wikipedia article C++ example is overly long, and conflates the discussion of a fluent interface with an example of a simple Glut app. Can someone provide a SUCCINCT C++ example of a class that illustrates a fluent interface (how does such an influence differ from an ordinary C++ interface for example)?

Answer 1

It benefits the coder by reducing the amount he has to type (and read).

To use the C++ example on Wikipedia:

Before:

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     GlutApp app(argc, argv);
     app.setDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGBA|GLUT_ALPHA|GLUT_DEPTH); // Set framebuffer params
     app.setWindowSize(500, 500); // Set window params
     app.setWindowPosition(200, 200);
     app.setTitle("My OpenGL/GLUT App");
     app.create();
}

After:

 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     FluentGlutApp app(argc, argv)
         .withDoubleBuffer().withRGBA().withAlpha().withDepth()
         .at(200, 200).across(500, 500)
         .named("My OpenGL/GLUT App");
     app.create();
 }

Answer 2

One big difference and advantage of the fluent interface is that you don't need an instance variable to change some properties when you want to create an object and use it as an argument:

without:

Object object;
object.setcolor("red"); 
object.setstyle("solid");
object.setname("test");
world.CreateNode(object);

with fluent interface:

world.CreateNode(Object()
                                           .setcolor("red")
                                           .setstyle("solid")
                                           .setname("test")
                             );

Answer 3

There are different interpretations of the term "fluent interface". A common way to create one in C++ is method chaining, which is commonly used in for example the iostream library:

Object.MethodA().MethodB();
cout << "a = " << a;

The Named Parameter Idiom is another nice example of a fluent interface:

Window w = CreateWindow()
               .Width(400)
               .Height(300)
               .OnTop();

The benefits? Code that's better readable and more flexible, although that still depends on the implementation of course.

Answer 4

You can find a good definitition and the basic concepts of the fluent interface this this post:

Guidelines to Fluent Interface design in C# part 1

I hope that helps.