SQL Server Conditional Foreign Key Constraints

Question

I'm having trouble figuring out how to create a foreign key constraint. My data model is fixed and out of my control, it looks like this:

CREATE TABLE Enquiry 
  (Enquiry_Ref INTEGER PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED, Join_Ref INTEGER, EnquiryDate, EnquiryType...)

CREATE TABLE Contact 
  (Contact_Ref INTEGER PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED, Surname, Forenames ....)

CREATE TABLE UniversalJoin 
  (Join_Ref INTEGER, Contact_Ref INTEGER, Rel_Type INTEGER)

Each Enquiry has exactly one Contact. The link between the two is the UniversalJoin table where

Enquiry.Join_Ref = UniversalJoin.Join_Ref AND 
Rel_Type = 1 AND
UniversalJoin.Contact_Ref = Contact.Contact_Ref

The Rel_Type differs depending on what the source table is, so in the case of Enquiry, Rel_Type is 1 but for another table it would set to N.

My question is how do I create a foreign key constraint to enforce the integrity of this relationship? What I want to say, but can't, is:

CREATE TABLE Enquiry 
  ...
  CONSTRAINT FK_Foo 
  FOREIGN KEY (Join_Ref)
  REFERENCES UniversalJoin (JoinRef WHERE Rel_Type=1)

Answer 1

You might rather want to have a look at CHECK Constraints

CHECK constraints enforce domain integrity by limiting the values that are accepted by a column. They are similar to FOREIGN KEY constraints in that they control the values that are put in a column. The difference is in how they determine which values are valid: FOREIGN KEY constraints obtain the list of valid values from another table, and CHECK constraints determine the valid values from a logical expression that is not based on data in another column.

Answer 2

You can't use conditional or filtered foreign keys in SQL Server

In these cases, you could have a multiple column FK between (JoinRef, Rel_Type) and set a check constraint on Rel_Type in UniversalJoin to make it 1.

However, I think you are trying to have a row with multiple parents which can't be done.