The USPS updates the ZIP+4 database monthly. If you examine a specific address, it seems its ZIP+4 never changes. But a significant enough pool of addresses will always have some changes every month. So, to keep ZIP+4 codes up to date, you have to reprocess your addresses periodically.
If you're going to be doing regular reprocessing anyway, then you might as well keep a copy of the USPS databases yourself and make replacing the databases a part of your reprocessing step. The big advantage is that you then have direct access to the USPS DPV, DirectDPV, LACSLink, SuiteLink, and RDI databases, which aren't available through their web API.
http://semaphorecorp.com is a cheap source of USPS databases.
I assume you're not attempting to use ZIP+4 as an address key. One ZIP+4 typically covers all addresses on one side of a street for one block, so by itself it's not suitable for keying purposes.