How do I perform a nonblocking read using asio?

Question

I am attempting to use boost::asio to read and write from a device on a serial port. Both boost::asio:read() and boost::asio::serial_port::read_some() block when there is nothing to read. Instead I would like to detect this condition and write a command to the port to kick-start the device.

How can I either detect that no data is available?

If necessary I can do everything asynchronously, I would just rather avoid the extra complexity if I can.

Answer 1

From Boost.Asio's documentation:

boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket socket(io_service); 
...
boost::asio::socket_base::non_blocking_io command(true);
socket.io_control(command);

I didn't try it out, but basically that's the was it should work, also on serial port. Maybe even getting number of bytes works:

boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket socket(io_service); 
...
boost::asio::socket_base::bytes_readable command(true);
socket.io_control(command);
std::size_t bytes_readable = command.get();

Answer 2

You have to use the free-function asio::async_read.

Answer 3

You have a couple of options, actually. You can either use the serial port's built-in async_read_some function, or you can use the stand-alone function boost::asio::async_read (or async_read_some).

You'll still run into the situation where you are effectively "blocked", since neither of these will call the callback unless (1) data has been read or (2) an error occurs. To get around this, you'll want to use a deadline_timer object to set a timeout. If the timeout fires first, no data was available. Otherwise, you will have read data.

The added complexity isn't really all that bad. You'll end up with two callbacks with similar behavior. If either the "read" or the "timeout" callback fires with an error, you know it's the race loser. If either one fires without an error, then you know it's the race winner (and you should cancel the other call). In the place where you would have had your blocking call to read_some, you will now have a call to io_svc.run(). Your function will still block as before when it calls run, but this time you control the duration.

Here's an example:

void foo()
{
  io_service     io_svc;
  serial_port    ser_port(io_svc, "your string here");
  deadline_timer timeout(io_svc);
  unsigned char  my_buffer[1];
  bool           data_available = false;

  ser_port.async_read_some(boost::asio::buffer(my_buffer),
      boost::bind(&read_callback, boost::ref(data_available), boost::ref(timeout),
                  boost::asio::placeholders::error,
                  boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred));
  timeout.expires_from_now(boost::posix_time::milliseconds(<<your_timeout_here>>));
  timeout.async_wait(boost::bind(&wait_callback, boost::ref(ser_port),
                  boost::asio::placeholders::error));

  io_svc.run();  // will block until async callbacks are finished

  if (!data_available)
  {
    kick_start_the_device();
  }
}

void read_callback(bool& data_available, deadline_timer& timeout, const boost::system::error_code& error, std::size_t bytes_transferred)
{
  if (error || !bytes_transferred)
  {
    // No data was read!
    data_available = false;
    return;
  }

  timeout.cancel();  // will cause wait_callback to fire with an error
  data_available = true;
}

void wait_callback(serial_port& ser_port, const boost::system::error_code& error)
{
  if (error)
  {
    // Data was read and this timeout was canceled
    return;
  }

  ser_port.cancel();  // will cause read_callback to fire with an error
}

That should get you started with only a few tweaks here and there to suit your specific needs. I hope this helps!

Another note: No extra threads were necessary to handle callbacks. Everything is handled within the call to run(). Not sure if you were already aware of this...