So I'm assuming that the exports are defined in external assemblies, because you use the DirectoryPartCatalog.. either there is an issue with the file path handling in the catalog or the problem is in the AttributedAssemblyPartCatalog / AttributedTypesPartCatalog
Internally the DirectoryPartCatalog wraps each discovered assembly into an AttributedAssemblyPartCatalog which in turn uses a AttributedTypesPartCatalog
Your best bet is to add the MEF project into your solution, instead of the dll, and set a break point in the greediest constructors of DirectoryPartCatalog & AttributedAssemblyPartCatalog and step until u find the problem
Unfortunatly I do not have a mono machine setup so I can't help more than that