How to capture the result of a system call in a shell variable?

Question

We want to build a script that run every night (kills and restart a java process). For that we need to capture the process number (since there could be more than one java process running). The command below is basically what we will use to obtain the processes number, probably with a regexp at the end of the grep. Unless any better suggestions comes up.

root#ps -e |grep  'java'
18179 pts/0    00:00:43 java

We want to know how to parse the output above and get it into a shell variable so we can use the kill command as below.

kill -9 ${processid}
wait 10

Note1: The reason we cannot rely on the normal service stop command is because the processes sometimes does not want to die. And we have to use the kill command manually.

Answer 1

killing it:

ps -e | grep java | cut -f1 -d' ' | xargs kill -9

storing PID on variable:

export JAVAPID=`ps -e | grep 'java' | cut -f1 -d' '`

checking that it worked:

echo $JAVAPID

Answer 2

There are a couple of options to solve this. If you're using bash, then the shell variable '$!' will contain the PID of the last forked-off child process. So, after you start your Java program, do something like:

echo $! > /var/run/my-process.pid

Then, after your init script stops the Java process:

# Get the pidfile.
pid=$(cat /var/run/my-process.pid)

# Wait ten seconds to stop our process.
for count in $(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10); do
    sleep 1
    cat "/proc/$pid/cmdline" 2>/dev/null | grep -q java
    test $? -ne 0 && pid="" && break
done

# If we haven't stopped, kill the process.
if [ ! -z "$pid" ]; then
    echo "Not stopping; terminating with extreme prejudice."
    kill -9 $pid
fi

Make sure to remove the pidfile when you're done.

Answer 3

ps aux | grep java | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kill -9

Here's an explanation:

ps aux gives you a listing of all processes

grep java gives you all of the processes whose names and command line arguments contain the string "java"

awk '{print $1}' parses the output of the grep command into columns by whitespace and re-prints only the first column

xargs kill -9 passes each of the results of the awk command as parameters to a kill -9 command

Answer 4

You can easily get the PID or list of PIDs into a variable using backticks and cut (or awk if preferred) to retrieve only the PID field:

[user@host ~]$ ps -e | grep java | cut -d' ' -f1
12812
12870
13008
13042
13060

Note in the above example I have multiple Java processes running hence the multiple values. If you save this into a variable like so:

JAVA_PROCS=`ps -e | grep java | cut -d' ' -f1`

You can iterate through the processes to kill them if desired:

for proc in $JAVA_PROCS; do
    kill -9 $proc; 
done

Of course, if you're only retrieving one process, then there's no need to iterate and you can just run it as:

kill -9 $JAVA_PROCS

Answer 5

If you do what you suggest, you may end up capturing the grep itself and killing that (since your grep command contains the java string that you are searching for). You can work around this by excluding grep (by using another grep!):

pid=`ps -e | fgrep java | fgrep -v grep | awk '{print $1}'`
# check pid has a value
# kill $pid

You might also like ps -e -opid,args.

A better alternative is to use pgrep(1) or pkill(1) if your system has them. No more pipes, seds, awks, cuts, xargs:

pkill -9 java

Answer 6

I use something like this:

kill $(ps -A | grep java | cut -b 1-5)