What is the best way to build a non web browser stand alone php app that works with some sort of database without requiring the user to install a database server. Or am i just asking too much?
Embed the SQLite database in your app, then configure PHP to talk to the SQLite database:
Take a look at this 3 links
PHP GTKenter code here
http://gtk.php.net/
FLEX http://www.adobe.com/products/flex/?promoid=BPDEQ
AIR http://www.adobe.com/products/air/
I think any those will help you, check it out.
If you're targeting Windows, try WinBinder. It allows you to develop native Windows applications using PHP.
It also supports SQLite, so you don't need a database server.
I'd suggest you try miniPHP. It is basically an IDE around Winbinder; it lets you concentrate on writing PHP while it takes care of details like compiling the application. You can create either GUI or command-line apps and it works just fine with both SQLite and MySQL. It has a preview mode and some debugging capabilities too.
Have a look at php compilers, you'll end up with a binary for people to run. It could be a desktop GUI application, or a "web server in a box" type of thing.
Here is an idea: information can be stored in XML and thus usage of database can be avoided. That will work only for certain kind of purposes of course.