I'm working on a Qt application that used to be a KDE application. In the old days, I just had to use some syntax like:
KDELANG=de ./my_app
That ran my_app in German, and only my_app. It might not have been KDELANG, but it was some environment variable like that.
I've spent a ridiculous amount of time trying to coax this answer out of Google, and I give up. There must be some way to run a Qt (4.5 if that matters) application in some other language without switching over my entire locale to get there.