A must-have book for every S60 developer is, in my opinion, "Developing Series 60 Applications: A Guide for Symbian OS C++ Developers". Sadly, it is based on the already antiquated S60 2nd edition, but a lot of the APIs are more or less identical in 3rd and 5th edition. The book gives you a good overview on what APIs exist in S60 and also helps you understand how the S60 UI components work (which, for me at least, was one of the biggest hurdles when starting as a S60 developer).
For more specific needs, I would suggest plowing through the Forum Nokia article database and the community boards.
I agree with Marc Wilcox in that Qt is definitely worth looking at and studying. I personally prefer Qt development over S60/Symbian as it is easier and therefore usually more productive. Qt on S60 is still a work in progress though, so currently I'd still go with S60/Symbian (or J2ME, but that's a completely other thread).