Is there a SQL or PHP script that I can run that will change the default collation in all tables and fields in a database?
I can write one myself, but I think that this should be something that readily available at a site like this. If I can come up with one myself before somebody posts one, I will post it myself.
Be careful! If you actually have utf stored as another encoding, you could have a real mess on your hands. Back up first. Then try some of the standard methods:
for instance http://www.cesspit.net/drupal/node/898 http://www.hackszine.com/blog/archive/2007/05/mysql_database_migration_latin.html
I've had to resort to converting all text fields to binary, then back to varchar/text. This has saved my ass.
I had data is UTF8, stored as latin1. What I did:
Drop indexes. Convert fields to binary. Convert to utf8-general ci
If your on LAMP, don’t forget to add set NAMES command before interacting with the db, and make sure you set character encoding headers.
This PHP snippet will change the collation on all tables in a db. (It's taken from this site.)
<?php
// your connection
mysql_connect("localhost","root","***");
mysql_select_db("db1");
// convert code
$res = mysql_query("SHOW TABLES");
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($res))
{
foreach ($row as $key => $table)
{
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE " . $table . " CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci");
echo $key . " => " . $table . " CONVERTED<br />";
}
}
?>
Charset and collation are not the same thing. A collation is a set of rules about how to sort strings. A charset is a set of rules about how to represent characters. A collation depends on the charset.
OK, I wrote this up taking into account what was said in this thread. Thanks for the help, and I hope this script will help out others. I don't have any warranty for its use, so PLEASE BACKUP before running it. It should work with all databases; and it worked great on my own.
EDIT: Added vars at the top for which charset/collate to convert to. EDIT2: Changes the database's and tables' default charset/collate
<?php
function MysqlError()
{
if (mysql_errno())
{
echo "<b>Mysql Error: " . mysql_error() . "</b>\n";
}
}
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$db = "database";
$host = "localhost";
$target_charset = "utf8";
$target_collate = "utf8_general_ci";
echo "<pre>";
$conn = mysql_connect($host, $username, $password);
mysql_select_db($db, $conn);
$tabs = array();
$res = mysql_query("SHOW TABLES");
MysqlError();
while (($row = mysql_fetch_row($res)) != null)
{
$tabs[] = $row[0];
}
// now, fix tables
foreach ($tabs as $tab)
{
$res = mysql_query("show index from {$tab}");
MysqlError();
$indicies = array();
while (($row = mysql_fetch_array($res)) != null)
{
if ($row[2] != "PRIMARY")
{
$indicies[] = array("name" => $row[2], "unique" => !($row[1] == "1"), "col" => $row[4]);
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} DROP INDEX {$row[2]}");
MysqlError();
echo "Dropped index {$row[2]}. Unique: {$row[1]}\n";
}
}
$res = mysql_query("DESCRIBE {$tab}");
MysqlError();
while (($row = mysql_fetch_array($res)) != null)
{
$name = $row[0];
$type = $row[1];
$set = false;
if (preg_match("/^varchar\((\d+)\)$/i", $type, $mat))
{
$size = $mat[1];
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} VARBINARY({$size})");
MysqlError();
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} VARCHAR({$size}) CHARACTER SET {$target_charset}");
MysqlError();
$set = true;
echo "Altered field {$name} on {$tab} from type {$type}\n";
}
else if (!strcasecmp($type, "CHAR"))
{
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} BINARY(1)");
MysqlError();
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} VARCHAR(1) CHARACTER SET {$target_charset}");
MysqlError();
$set = true;
echo "Altered field {$name} on {$tab} from type {$type}\n";
}
else if (!strcasecmp($type, "TINYTEXT"))
{
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} TINYBLOB");
MysqlError();
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} TINYTEXT CHARACTER SET {$target_charset}");
MysqlError();
$set = true;
echo "Altered field {$name} on {$tab} from type {$type}\n";
}
else if (!strcasecmp($type, "MEDIUMTEXT"))
{
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} MEDIUMBLOB");
MysqlError();
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} MEDIUMTEXT CHARACTER SET {$target_charset}");
MysqlError();
$set = true;
echo "Altered field {$name} on {$tab} from type {$type}\n";
}
else if (!strcasecmp($type, "LONGTEXT"))
{
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} LONGBLOB");
MysqlError();
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} LONGTEXT CHARACTER SET {$target_charset}");
MysqlError();
$set = true;
echo "Altered field {$name} on {$tab} from type {$type}\n";
}
else if (!strcasecmp($type, "TEXT"))
{
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} BLOB");
MysqlError();
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} TEXT CHARACTER SET {$target_charset}");
MysqlError();
$set = true;
echo "Altered field {$name} on {$tab} from type {$type}\n";
}
if ($set)
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} MODIFY {$name} COLLATE {$target_collate}");
}
// re-build indicies..
foreach ($indicies as $index)
{
if ($index["unique"])
{
mysql_query("CREATE UNIQUE INDEX {$index["name"]} ON {$tab} ({$index["col"]})");
MysqlError();
}
else
{
mysql_query("CREATE INDEX {$index["name"]} ON {$tab} ({$index["col"]})");
MysqlError();
}
echo "Created index {$index["name"]} on {$tab}. Unique: {$index["unique"]}\n";
}
// set default collate
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE {$tab} DEFAULT CHARACTER SET {$target_charset} COLLATE {$target_collate}");
}
// set database charset
mysql_query("ALTER DATABASE {$db} DEFAULT CHARACTER SET {$target_charset} COLLATE {$target_collate}");
mysql_close($conn);
echo "</pre>";
?>
Can be done in a single command (rather than 148 of PHP):
mysql --database=dbname -B -N -e "SHOW TABLES" \
| awk '{print "ALTER TABLE", $1, "CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;"}' \
| mysql --database=dbname &
You've got to love the commandline... (You might need to employ the --user and --password options for mysql).