If you're using jQuery, there's lots of plugins to provide zoom style thumb-to-full-size effects. For example fancybox (see the third single image example on this page).
Alternatively, if you want more control, you could build the features yourself without too much effort:
- Load the full image with ajax
- Replace the
src
attribute of your thumbnail image (make sure its a fixed size)
- Do the zoom by animating your width/height (& position if necessary) to the full size of the final image
Note that depending on what you're showing (for example if you were doing this for embedded flash video), you may need to swap the order of 2 & 3, by zooming the thumbnail (or some other place holder image) & then swapping in the final, full size content.