Why can't you just use IsPostback in the code behind with ViewState disabled in the page? This way you can do whatever you need to in the code behind and not worry about ViewState clogging up your page size.
You can disable ViewState in the page by adding the enableViewState flag to the @Page directive.
The only other thing I can think of is to have a piece of javascript code which catches the key press of F5, but obviously this will only capture an F5 refresh and not a Refresh-button refresh.
This site shows how to capture key presses with Javascript:
http://www.go4expert.com/forums/showthread.php?t=2733