Create monochrome bitmap in Compact Framework

Question

I need to create a Bitmap object using raw bytes representing monochrome bitmap data. On the full framework, I am doing the following:

Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format8bppIndexed)
BitmapData bmpData = bmp.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height), ImageLockMode.WriteOnly, bmp.PixelFormat);
// Write my data into bmpData.Scan0
bmp.UnlockBits(bmpData);

Unfortunately, the Compact Framework doesn't have the PixelFormat.Format8bppIndexed enum value. So how can I accomplish this on the CF? The only thing I can think of is to manually create the bitmap file header myself and write it along with the data into a Stream and then construct a Bitmap object with that Stream.

Ideas?

Answer 1

In the OpenNetCf Smart Device Framework library (there is a free version), they have their own Bitmap class (BitmapEx). While I haven't tried what you are trying to do, you might check out their implementation. (note: I do have to do this in the next week, so I will probably update this later)

Answer 2

  const int XPelsPerMeter = 0xb12; // 72 ppi, 96 would work well too
  const int YPelsPerMeter = 0xb12;
  const int Gptr = 0x40;
  const int Srccopy = 0x00CC0020;


  struct BITMAPFILEHEADER
  {
     public ushort  bfType;
     public uint    bfSize;
     public ushort  bfReserved1;
     public ushort  bfReserved2;
     public uint    bfOffBits;
  }

  struct BITMAPINFOHEADER
  {
     public uint  biSize;
     public int   biWidth;
     public int   biHeight;
     public ushort   biPlanes;
     public ushort   biBitCount;
     public uint  biCompression;
     public uint  biSizeImage;
     public int   biXPelsPerMeter;
     public int   biYPelsPerMeter;
     public uint  biClrUsed;
     public uint  biClrImportant;
  }

  public static byte[] GetByteArray(Bitmap bitmap)
  {
     IntPtr hbm = bitmap.GetHbitmap(); // this is step (1)
     IntPtr sdc = GetDC( IntPtr.Zero );       // First we obtain the DC for the screen
     // Next, create a DC for the original hbitmap
     IntPtr hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( sdc );
     SelectObject( hdc, hbm );

     byte[] arrayBytes = CreateBinary(hdc, bitmap.Height, bitmap.Width);

     // Finally some cleanup.
     DeleteDC( hdc );
     ReleaseDC( IntPtr.Zero, sdc );
     DeleteObject( hbm );

     return arrayBytes;
  }

  static int WIDTHBYTES( int bits )
  {
     return ( ( ( ( bits ) + 31 ) / 32 ) * 4 );
  }

  private static byte[] CreateBinary( IntPtr hDc, int height, int width )
  {
     IntPtr hMemDc = CreateCompatibleDC( hDc );

     int cb = 0;

     BITMAPINFOHEADER bi = new BITMAPINFOHEADER();
     bi.biSize = ( uint )Marshal.SizeOf( bi );
     bi.biBitCount = 1; // Creating RGB bitmap. The following three members don't matter
     bi.biClrUsed = 2;
     bi.biClrImportant = 2;
     bi.biCompression = 0;
     bi.biHeight = height;
     bi.biWidth = width;
     bi.biPlanes = 1;
     cb = WIDTHBYTES( bi.biWidth * bi.biBitCount ) * bi.biHeight;
     bi.biSizeImage = ( uint )cb;
     bi.biXPelsPerMeter = XPelsPerMeter;
     bi.biYPelsPerMeter = YPelsPerMeter;

     IntPtr pBits = IntPtr.Zero;
     //Allocate memory for bitmap bits
     IntPtr pBi = LocalAlloc( Gptr, bi.biSize );
     // Not sure if this needed - simply trying to keep marshaller happy
     Marshal.StructureToPtr( bi, pBi, false );
     //This will return IntPtr to actual DIB bits in pBits
     IntPtr hBmp = CreateDIBSection( hDc, pBi, 0, ref pBits, IntPtr.Zero, 0 );
     //Marshall back - now we have BITMAPINFOHEADER correctly filled in
     //Marshal.PtrToStructure(pBI, bi);
     BITMAPINFOHEADER biNew = ( BITMAPINFOHEADER )Marshal.PtrToStructure( pBi, typeof( BITMAPINFOHEADER ) );

     //Usual stuff
     IntPtr hOldBitmap = SelectObject( hMemDc, hBmp );
     //Grab bitmap
     BitBlt( hMemDc, 0, 0, bi.biWidth, bi.biHeight, hDc, 0, 0, Srccopy );
     // Allocate memory for a copy of bitmap bits
     byte[] RealBits = new byte[cb];
     // And grab bits from DIBSestion data
     Marshal.Copy( pBits, RealBits, 0, cb );

     // This simply creates valid bitmap file header, so it can be saved to disk
     BITMAPFILEHEADER bfh = new BITMAPFILEHEADER();
     uint colorSize = 2 * 4;//2 colors for B&W, 4 bytes (RGBQUAD)
     uint sizeofBinfo = 0x36 + colorSize;//original
     //sizeofBINFO = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(bi);//sorin
     //bfh.bfSize = ( uint )cb + 0x36; // Size of header + size of BITMAPINFOHEADER size of bitmap bits
     bfh.bfSize = ( uint )( cb + sizeofBinfo );
     bfh.bfType = 0x4d42; //BM
     bfh.bfOffBits = sizeofBinfo; // 
     int HdrSize = 14;
     byte[] header = new byte[HdrSize];
     BitConverter.GetBytes( bfh.bfType ).CopyTo( header, 0 );
     BitConverter.GetBytes( bfh.bfSize ).CopyTo( header, 2 );
     BitConverter.GetBytes( bfh.bfOffBits ).CopyTo( header, 10 );

     //Allocate enough memory for complete bitmap file
     byte[] data = new byte[cb + bfh.bfOffBits];
     //BITMAPFILEHEADER
     header.CopyTo( data, 0 );

     //BITMAPINFOHEADER
     header = new byte[Marshal.SizeOf( bi )];
     IntPtr pHeader = LocalAlloc( Gptr, ( uint )Marshal.SizeOf( bi ) );
     Marshal.StructureToPtr( biNew, pHeader, false );
     Marshal.Copy( pHeader, header, 0, Marshal.SizeOf( bi ) );
     LocalFree( pHeader );

     header.CopyTo( data, HdrSize );

     //set black color as second color from color table
     byte[] colors = new byte[10];
     colors[4] = 255;
     colors[5] = 255;
     colors[6] = 255;

     colors.CopyTo( data, ( int )bfh.bfOffBits - ( int )colorSize );

     //Bitmap bits
     RealBits.CopyTo( data, ( int )bfh.bfOffBits );

     DeleteObject( SelectObject( hMemDc, hOldBitmap ) );
     DeleteDC( hMemDc );

     return data;
  }

  [DllImport( "coredll.dll" )]
  public static extern bool DeleteObject( IntPtr hObject );

  [DllImport( "coredll.dll" )]
  public static extern int InvalidateRect( IntPtr hwnd, IntPtr rect, int bErase );

  [DllImport( "coredll.dll" )]
  public static extern IntPtr GetDC( IntPtr hwnd );

  [DllImport( "coredll.dll" )]
  public static extern IntPtr CreateCompatibleDC( IntPtr hdc );

  [DllImport( "coredll.dll" )]
  public static extern int ReleaseDC( IntPtr hwnd, IntPtr hdc );

  [DllImport( "coredll.dll" )]
  public static extern int DeleteDC( IntPtr hdc );

  [DllImport( "coredll.dll" )]
  public static extern IntPtr SelectObject( IntPtr hdc, IntPtr hgdiobj );

  [DllImport( "coredll.dll" )]
  public static extern int BitBlt( IntPtr hdcDst, int xDst, int yDst, int w, int h, IntPtr hdcSrc, int xSrc, int ySrc, int rop );

  [DllImport( "coredll.dll" )]
  private static extern IntPtr LocalAlloc( uint flags, uint cb );

  [DllImport( "coredll.dll" )]
  private static extern IntPtr LocalFree( IntPtr hMem );

  [DllImport( "coredll.dll" )]
  private static extern IntPtr CreateDIBSection( IntPtr hdc, IntPtr hdr, uint colors, ref IntPtr pBits, IntPtr hFile, uint offset );

} You can use it, to save on a file: byte[] data = BWImage.GetByteArray(bitmap); FileStream fs = new FileStream( "BW.bmp", FileMode.Create ); fs.Write( data, 0, data.Length ); fs.Flush(); fs.Close();