First, this is all a lot to work with in a week. But here it goes.
Tools for the backend:
- SQLAlchemy - This is an ORM toolkit that is plenty powerful for most smaller tasks when using a MySQL database built with Python. To my knowledge, it is the best for this job. http://www.sqlalchemy.org/
- Django - "...is a high-level Python Web framework..." This might be better for rapid development of a site with login/logout methods included and a minimal learning curve for someone with web/Python understanding.
Tools in building the frontend:
If you already plan on using Django for the backend, I'd recommend using it for the frontend as well.
Things about which you are uncertain:
- The users can be specified in MySQL and their permissions can be set accordingly.
- From some of the requirements you listed, most of these sound like they can be contained within the capabilities of Django.