How can I prepend text to multiple lines in vim?

Question

Say I have 10 lines and I want to prepend text to some word that occurs in those lines? It does not have to be at the beginning of the line.

sdfsd   foo sdfsd
sfsd    foo fsdf
sdfsdf  foo  sdfsdf

to

sdfsd   bar(foo sdfsd
sfsd    bar(foo fsdf
sdfsdf  bar(foo  sdfsdf

Is it also possible to not only prepend the "bar(" but actually surround "foo" with "bar(foo)"?

I would also like a quick way to append // comments to multiple lines (C-style comments).

I use vim 7.2/gvim.

Answer 1

To answer your first question, the below

:%s/foo/bar(&)/g

will look for foo, and surround the matched pattern with bar(). The /g will do this multiple times in one line.

Since you're just matching foo, you could do a simple :s/foo/bar(foo)/g. The above will work, however, if you decide to match on a regular expression rather than a simple word (e.g. f[a-z][a-z]). The '&' in the above represents what you've matched.

Answer 2

For the C-style comments, use the regexp answer by Brian, and match on line ending $, and insert away.

Answer 3

Go to the first foo, press Ctrl-V to enter visual block mode and press "down" until all the lines with "foo" are marked. Then press I to insert at the beginning (of the block). The inserted characters will be inserted in each line at the left of the marked block.

To insert at the end, press again Ctrl-V, move up/down to mark all affected lines and then press "end" to extend the selection until the end of the lines. Now you can press A to append at the end of all the lines, just like previously with I.

The visual selection can also be done with normal movement commands. So to comment a whole block in C you could move to the opening brace and type <Ctrl-V>%I//<Esc>.

Answer 4

To prefix a set of lines I use one of two different approaches:

One approach is the block select (mentioned by sth). In general, you can select a rectangular region with ctrl-V followed by cursor-movement. Once you've highlighted a rectangle, pressing shift-I will insert characters on the left side of the rectangle, or shift-A will append them on the right side of the rectangle. So you can use this technique to make a rectangle that includes the left-most column of the lines you want to prefix, hit shift-I, type the prefix, and then hit escape.

The other approach is to use a substitution (as mentioned by Brian Agnew). Brian's substitution will affect the entire file (the % in the command means "all lines"). To affect just a few lines the easiest approach is to hit shift-V (which enables visual-line mode) while on the first/last line, and then move to the last/first line. Then type:

:s/^/YOUR PREFIX/

The ^ is a regex (in this case, the beginning of the line). By typing this in visual line mode you'll see '<,'> inserted before the s automatically. This means the range of the substitution will be the visual selection.

Extra tip: if your prefix contains slashes, you can either escape them with backslash, or you can use a different punctuation character as the separator in the command. For example, to add C++ line comments, I usually write:

:s:^:// :

For adding a suffix the substitution approach is generally easier unless all of your lines are exactly the same length. Just use $ for the pattern instead of ^ and your string will be appended instead of pre-pended.

If you want to add a prefix and a suffix simultaneously, you can do something like this:

:s/.*/PREFIX & SUFFIX/

The .* matches the whole line. The & in the replacement puts the matched text (the whole line) back, but now it'll have your prefix and suffix added.

BTW: when commenting out code you'll probably want to uncomment it later. You can use visual-block (ctrl-V) to select the slashes and then hit d to delete them, or you can use a substitution (probably with a visual line selection, made with shift-V) to remove the leading slashes like this:

:s:// ::

Answer 5

Yet another possibility (probably not-so-useful in your test case, but handy in other situations) is to cordon off the area you want to change with marks.

• Put the cursor anywhere in the top line and press < 'a >. (That's supposed to be an "apostrophe" and an "a")
• Put the cursor anywhere in the last line and press < 'b >
• Issue the command :'a,'b s/foo/bar(&)/

I usually like visual block mode if everything is visible on the screen, and I usually prefer marks if the start and stop are separated by many screens.