A little difficult to visualise what you are talking about as it doesn't show in the question.
But if I understand your question then you want to click on a button and show some filter fields right?
This is do-able not only in jQuery but in just standard javascript. All you need to do is unhide the filter elements.
jQuery will give you a nice way to scroll it open though and then you could do a partial post back and just return the results or partial view.
$("#divFilters").slideDown(300);
The code above will open your div.
Or you could jQuery a partial postback, return RenderPartial from your controller and replace the html in a div somewhere. The RenderPartail would be a partial view with your filters in it. Easier to extend at a later date too I'd have thought.
Is this what you were after?