To answer your questions directly:
- No. I don't think it will be easy, but definitly doable.
- No. There is no pre-build component for Delphi in Win32
Although CardSpace is native .Net, as long as you can run the framework on either the client or the server you can always just wrap the CardSpace library into a DLL using interop which you can then reference in Delphi. This StackOverflow question may be able to get you started.
Considering the machines will be running Windows it will most likely already have Framework 3.0 installed, which is the requirement for using CardSpace.
SharpSTS may be usefull in this environment as it already contains the bulk of the code you need to talk to the CardSpace service.
I am not a Deplhi Developer. Looking at this problem from the .Net side and doing some basic Google searches brought me to the a possible answer. I cannot gaurentee any of this will work for Cardspace, however it has worked for other technologies in our environment which is still prodimanatly Delphi. For example the interoperatibility parts.