GUI's created with glade are accessible in the code in two way: libglade or gtkbuilder. I cannot comment much on the differences between the two, other than that gtkbuilder is newer; there are a lot of pages on google that show how to migrate from libglade to gtkbuilder.
Using gtkbuilder, you can create your GUI object by retrieving it from the the XML file using gtkbuilder. This creates the object with all of the settings you set in glade. You now have an GUI object which you can manipulate via it's regular interface.
builder = gtk.Builder()
builder.add_from_file(glade_path)
builder.connect_signals(self)
main_window = builder.get_object("main_window")
main_window.show()
text_box1 = builder.get_object("textbox1")
text_box1.set_text("enter your name")
Line 3 shows how signal handlers are attached when loaded from glade. Essentially, it looks for the function you specified for the signal in the glade interface and attached to it; if the function isn't provided, you'll see a warning on the command line.