C#'s BinaryReader has a function that according to MSDN, reads an integer encoded as "seven bit integer", and then reads a string with the length of this integer.
Is there a clear documentation for the seven bit integer format (I have a rough understanding that the MSB or the LSB marks whether there are more bytes to read, and the rest bits are the data, but I'll be glad for something more exact).
Even better, is there a C implementation for reading and writing numbers in this format?
Well, the documentation for BinaryReader.Read7BitEncodedInt already says, that it expects the value to be written with BinaryWriter.Write7BitEncodedInt and that method documentation details the format:
The integer of the value parameter is written out seven bits at a time, starting with the seven least-significant bits. The high bit of a byte indicates whether there are more bytes to be written after this one.
If value will fit in seven bits, it takes only one byte of space. If value will not fit in seven bits, the high bit is set on the first byte and written out. value is then shifted by seven bits and the next byte is written. This process is repeated until the entire integer has been written.
So the integer 1259551277, in binary 1001011000100110011101000101101 will be converted into that 7-bit format as follows:
Remaining integer encoded bytes
1001011000100110011101000101101
100101100010011001110100 00101101
10010110001001100 10101101 01110100
1001011000 10101101 11110100 01001100
100 10101101 11110100 11001100 01011000
0 10101101 11110100 11001100 11011000 00000100
I'm not that confident in my C skills right now to provide a working implementation, though. But it's not very hard to do, based on that description.
Write7BitEncodedInt method contains the description: The lowest 7 bits of each byte encode the next 7 bits of the number. The highest bit is set when there's another byte following.
The format is described here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.io.binarywriter.write7bitencodedint.aspx