You can still use the solution that SLaks offered even for AsyncFileUpload control.
The code:
<div id="fileUploadDiv">
<asp:AsyncFileUpload ID="AsyncFileUpload1" runat="server" />
</div>
will be rendered this way:
<div id="fileUploadDiv">
<span id="MainContent_AsyncFileUpload1">
<input type="hidden" name="ctl00$MainContent$AsyncFileUpload1$ctl00" id="MainContent_AsyncFileUpload1_ctl00" />
<div id="MainContent_AsyncFileUpload1_ctl01" name="MainContent_AsyncFileUpload1_ctl01">
<input name="ctl00$MainContent$AsyncFileUpload1$ctl02" type="file" id="MainContent_AsyncFileUpload1_ctl02" id="MainContent_AsyncFileUpload1_ctl02" onkeydown="return false;" onkeypress="return false;" onmousedown="return false;" style="width:355px;" />
</div>
</span>
</div>
Therefore by using a CSS selector #fileUploadDiv input[type=file] you can modify the style of the AsyncFileUpload control the same way you do it with regular <input type='file'> element.
I blogged about this solution in more details here.