This isn't the best answer. See bialix' answer which is a lot simpler. I'll leave this here just for reference.
Here's what I think is the cleanest method:
Create a branch:
bzr branch mytree repair-path
cd into the repair branch
Revert just the missing file at its last revision (eg 287 in this example):
bzr revert -r 287 lost.file
Commit the change
bzr commit -m "Unshoot my foot"
cd back into the main branch
merge in the repair
bzr merge repair-path
When ready, commit the merge and delete the repair branch.
You could do this just by reverting in the original working branch, but it's probably good practice not to. You also need to worry (just a little) about any uncommitted changes.