Extending the BAML compile process to log additional errors
I encountered this same problem last year. I was writing my own extension for which I wanted compile-time errors in certain scenrios and discovered that just throwing an exception from ProvideValue didn't work because ProvideValue isn't called until the XAML is actually loaded and the object tree is created.
I did some experiments and discovered that the compiler error message for x:Static is a byproduct of an optimization done by the the BAML compiler. The BAML format actually has a concept of a specific member of a specific type, so when the XAML contains x:Static the compiler actually replaces it with a special record that directly references the member rather than containing the type and method name. It does this by explictly recognizing the StaticExtension class. TypeExtension has a similar optimization.
I searched for hooks that would allow me to have my own code called during BAML compilation, but I didn't find any. BAML compilation is mostly just a straight transliteration into a binary format that corresponds to the XAML, with a few specific optimizations but mostly ignoring what it sees.
I ended up adding an extra step to the build process, modeling my code off of Microsoft.WinFX.targets and the other built-in targets files. This step scans the XAML for my markup extension, checks the parameters, and generates a compile error if they are not correct. This is done completely independently of the translation into BAML. It was a couple days' extra work to implement this when all was said and done, but I learned a lot.
Caveat about creating your own .targets file
If you're thinking about adding your own .targets file, you should be aware that unless you include the target in the local machine's SafeImports registry key, both Visual Studio and Expression Blend will complain that about any project that includes your .targets file. This key requires Administrator access on the machine to update. This may or may not be an issue depending on your deployment scenario. (For example, a machine-wide MSI install would fix it, or you could manually set the key if you only have a few development machines). In my case it didn't matter since I already needed the custom .targets file for some other things I was doing in that project.
Error logging from a build task
You don't need IVsErrorList to add errors to Visual Studio during a build (and if you did, you would not properly support command-line builds, Expression Blend, and other tools).
All you need to do is to call Log.LogErrror Log.LogWarning from inside your build task, like this:
public class CheckForErrorsInMyMarkupExtension : Task
{
... parameters here ...
public override Execute()
{
... code to load XAML and scan it for markup extension errors ...
... when you discover an error ...
Log.LogError("I saw an error");
}
}