Any such list would be deceiving you.
In a typical program you would use many different design patterns, even if you knew nothing about design patterns and had never learned how to use them. The fact is that design patterns describe common ways of working, common ways of structuring code. Because of this, you would have to spend many months analysing code, cataloguing the patterns, in order to create such a list.
I don't think anyone has done this yet.
The best thing to do is to just work your way through some design patterns tutorials.
If a design pattern seems useful, pay attention, if it doesn't then skim over it. Once you have some basic understanding, dive into a book like this one.