how to store printf into a variable?

Question

I want to store a formatted string using something similar to what printf does in C.

char *tmp = (char *)sqlite3_column_text(selectstmt, 2);
const char *sqlAnswers = printf("select key from answer WHERE key = %s LIMIT 5;", tmp);

The following is an error obviously, I am sure alot of c programmers out there would give me a quick answer for this, thanks in adavance.

Answer 1

You want sprintf().

char *sqlAnswers = malloc(SIZE_TO_HOLD_FINAL_STRING);
sprintf(sqlAnswers, "select key from answer WHERE key = %s LIMIT 5;", tmp);

Answer 2

You can do it with sprintf, but not alone (safely). On a sane system, use snprintf twice, once to find out the size to use and the second time to actually do it. This depends on snprintf returning the number of characters needed when it runs out of room. Linux, BSD, and C99-compatible systems do this; Windows typically does not. In the latter case, you'll need to allocate an initial buffer and allocate a bigger one if snprintf fails (in a loop until snprintf succeeds). But on C99, the following will work:

char *buf;
size_t sz;
sz = snprintf(NULL, 0, "select key from answer WHERE key = %s LIMIT 5;", tmp);
buf = malloc(sz + 1); /* make sure you check for != NULL in real code */
snprintf(buf, sz+1, "select key from answer WHERE key = %s LIMIT 5;", tmp);

However, for building SQL, it's far better to use prepared statements. They avoid SQL injection vulnerabilities (and frequently the need for sprintf). With them, you would prepare the statement "select key from answer where key = ? limit 5;", and then execute it with the parameter tmp. The SQL engine puts in the string and removes the need to make sure it's properly escaped first.

Answer 3

If you're using gnu or BSD libc you may be able to use asprintf, which allocates a buffer of the correct size automatically.

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
// ...
char *sqlAnswers = NULL;
int length = asprintf(&sqlAnswers,"select key from answer WHERE key = %s LIMIT 5;", tmp);
free(sqlAnswers);

Answer 4

On windows you can use sprintf_s which adds buffer overflow protection like Michael E was saying.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ce3zzk1k%28VS.80%29.aspx

Answer 5

I am actually using sqlite3_bind_text to input my wildcard instead of generating through sprintf:

const char *sql1 = "select id, repA, key from iphone_reponse WHERE question_id = ?;";
sqlite3_stmt *selectstmt1;
if(sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, sql1, -1, &selectstmt1, NULL) == SQLITE_OK) {
    sqlite3_bind_text(selectstmt1, 1, [questionObj.key UTF8String], -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);