What's the whole point of "localhost", hosts and ports at all?

Question

I'm totally new to this web development stuff. So I see things like "localhost" all the time and ask myself: What's that?

I feel to know what a "host" actually is. Something that executes something. So my mac is the host for everything that runs on it. So "localhost" is actually just my mac? Can I have also other hosts? like "otherhost" or "betterhost"?

So when I write in my browser: http://localhost:80/mysite/index.php, this "localhost" thing tells the browser to look on my machine for that stuff rather than online?

Maybe someone can clear this up a little bit :-)

Answer 1

In computer networking, localhost (meaning "this computer") is the standard hostname given to the address of the loopback network interface.

Localhost always translates to the loopback IP address 127.0.0.1 in IPv4.

It is also used instead of the hostname of a computer. For example, directing a web browser installed on a system running an HTTP server to http://localhost will display the home page of the local web site.

Source: Wikipedia - Localhost.

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The :80 part is the TCP port. You can consider these ports as communications endpoints on a particular IP address (in the case of localhost - 127.0.0.1). The IANA is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of standard port numbers for specific services. Port 80 happens to be the standard port for HTTP.

Answer 2

Localhost generally refers to the machine you're looking at. On most machines localhost resolves to the IP address 127.0.0.1 which is the loopback address.

Answer 3

Yes, localhost just means that you are talking to the webserver om the same machine that you are currently using.

Other servers are contacted through either their IP-address or a given name.

Answer 4

Well, others have given a good definition of 'localhost'.

It is kind of a defacto for the text representation of the local IP 127.0.0.1.

You can have 'betterhost', 'otherhost', 'someotherhost' if you use a DNS server that can translate it to working IP addresses, OR by modifying the host file. But that's another topic for another day or better day. :P

Answer 5

Regarding you question about betterhost and such, see host; basically every IP address is a host.

I suggest you start reading-up from host and only than go on to localhost (which is a type of host)

Answer 6

Everyone seems to focus on the host part of your questions. Ports are used to be able to run several servers (for example for different purposes such as file sharing, web serving, printing, etc) from the same machine (one single IP address).

Answer 7

I heard a good description (parable) which illustrates ports as different delivery points for a large building, e.g. Post office for letters and small parcels, Goods In for large deliveries / pallets, Doors for people.

Answer 8

" In computer networking, a network host, Internet host, host, or Internet node is a computer connected to the Internet - or more generically - to any type of data network. A network host can host information resources as well as application software for providing network services. "-Wikipedia

Local host is a special name given to the local machine or that you are working on, ussually its IP Address is 127.0.0.1. However you can define it to be anything.

There are multiple Network services running on each host for example Apache/IIS( Http Web Server),Mail Clients, FTP clients etc. Each service has a specific port associated with it. You can think of it as this.

In every home, there is one mailbox and multiple people. The mailbox is a host. Your own home mailbox is a localhost. Each person in a home has a room. All letters for that person are sent to his room, hence the room number is a port.