PHP: What does pcntl_fork() really do?

Question

PHP's pcntl_fork funcion is supposed to fork a process just as the standard fork function in C.
But I was wondering if this function really forks the process or if it emulates that behavior in a different way.
If it really forks the process then it's clear which process that is: one of Apache's child processes.
That's OK as long as Apache is using the prefork MPM (i.e. one process per request).
But what does happen if Apache is using the worker MPM??
When the worker MPM is being used, every Apache child process contains many threads, each one handling a different HTTP request. So if you would fork the process under that situation I can't even think what would happend to all those threads and requests being served.
So if pcntl_fork() really forks the process then I think it's not a good idea to use this function if you set Apache to use the worker MPM.

What do the experts say? Am I reasoning well, or I'm just speaking nonsense?

Answer 1

It's not a good idea to run PHP as a module on an Apache installation configured for worker MPM in the first place, because PHP is not threadsafe (I think that is stated somewhere in the PHP manual too).

It should fork the process, yes. The PHP manual even states that you should read man fork(2) for further instructions, so it's probably just a wrapper around the C fork function.

Update: Here's the relevant page in the PHP manual for worker MPM: http://php.net/manual/en/install.unix.apache2.php

Note: To build a multithreaded version of Apache, the target system must support threads. In this case, PHP should also be built with experimental Zend Thread Safety (ZTS). Under this configuration, not all extensions will be available. The recommended setup is to build Apache with the default prefork MPM-Module. 

I also found this page with some further instructions: http://www.stevekallestad.com/blog/apache_worker_mpm_with_php.html

Answer 2

pcntl_fork probably works as you think it would : it forks the current process, the same way the C function fork does :

The pcntl_fork() function creates a child process that differs from the parent process only in its PID and PPID.
Please see your system's fork(2) man page for specific details as to how fork works on your system.

But, quoting the Introduction of the Process Control section of the manual :

Process Control support in PHP implements the Unix style of process creation, program execution, signal handling and process termination.
Process Control should not be enabled within a web server environment and unexpected results may happen if any Process Control functions are used within a web server environment.

So, you should not actually use that function from a PHP script executed via Apache : it should only be used when your PHP script is executed from the command-line.

And, before starting to use that function, don't forget that :

Note: This extension is not available on Windows platforms.