The answer is simple in this case.
I used org.eclipse.jdt.ui.javaAllProposalCategory
categoryID for my javaCompletionProposalComputer
, but this is "Java Proposals" category.
When I created used own category ID, my proposals computer is now showing up in eclipse content-assist configuration, and proposals work as expected.
Full extension declaration now looks like this:
<extension
id="properties.javaProposals"
name="Property Names Proposals"
point="org.eclipse.jdt.ui.javaCompletionProposalComputer">
<javaCompletionProposalComputer
activate="false"
categoryId="properties.javaProposals"
class="properties.PropertyProposalComputer">
<partition
type="__java_string">
</partition>
</javaCompletionProposalComputer>
</extension>
Important part is categoryId="properties.javaProposals"