C++ bitwise operators for std::string

Question

Hi,

my question is about how to use bitwise operators on C++ std::string... through overloading or as function does not matter

Example for an working XOR/^ function for std::string:

std::string XOR(std::string value, std::string key)
{
  std::string retval(value);
  long unsigned int klen = key.length();
  long unsigned int vlen = value.length();
  unsigned long int k = 0;
  unsigned long int v = 0;
  for (; v < vlen; v++) {
    retval[v] = value[v] ^ key[k];
    k = (++k < klen ? k : 0);
  }
  return retval;
}

What I am missing now is a replacement for NOT/~, AND/& plus OR/|. Example C++ Code (the last two lines would like to have it... :-P):

//note: matrix_content[][] holds unsigned, *checked* integers...
//      char(foo) works... 
std::string vertical_master   = "";
for (unsigned short int k = 0; k < axis_max; k++) {
  for (unsigned short int l = 0; l < axis_max; l++) {
    horizontal_master += char(matrix_content[l][k]);
    vertical_master   += char(matrix_content[k][l]);
  }
}

std::string vertical_shift1_0 = vertical_master;
usigned short int bit = "@"; //<- just an example... chatched via
                             //   std::string::substr() and std::string::c_str()
for (unsigned long int x = 0; x < axis_max; x++) {
  vertical_shift1_0 += char(bit);
}
std::string vertical_shift2_0;
for (unsigned long int x = 0; x < axis_max; x++) {
  vertical_shift2_0 += char(0);
}
vertical_shift2_0 += vertical_master;

std::string vertical_or  = ~(vertical_shift1 | vertical_shift2);
std::string vertical_and = ~(vertical_shift1_0 & vertical_shift2_0);

In PHP/Perl I can do nasty :-P things like this

$vertical_shift1_0 = $vertical_master.str_repeat(chr(0), $axis_max);
$vertical_shift2_0 = str_repeat(chr(0), $axis_max).$vertical_master;
$vertical_or       = chunk_split(~($vertical_shift1 | $vertical_shift2), $axis_max, chr(170));
$vertical_and      = chunk_split(~($vertical_shift1_0 & $vertical_shift2_0), $axis_max, chr(170));

... and I'm missing it ;-). However XOR works. How to get AND/OR/NOT?

Answer 1

Once you take out a char out of a string via [] operator you can use all the bitwise operators that you want. C/C++ treats signed/unsigned char's as numerical types (unfortunately).

If you're doing a lot of bitwise operations, you might consider one of the dedicated bit data structures

• bitset from STL for fixed length bitsets
• bit_vector from boost for dynamic length bitsets

Answer 2

You can write a generic implementation that works with a functor parameter:

template <typename T>
struct or {
   T operator()( T ch1, T ch2 ) {
      return ch1 | ch2;
   }
};
template <typename T>
struct xor {
   T operator()( T ch1, T ch2 ) {
      return ch1 ^ ch2;
   }
};
template <typename InputIterator1, typename InputIterator2, 
          typename OutputIterator, typename Functor>
void apply( InputIterator1 begin1, InputIterator1 end1,
            InputIterator2 begin2, InputIterator2 end2,
            OutputIterator output, Functor f )
{
   if ( (end1-begin1) != (end2-begin2) ) throw std::exception(); // throw some more meaningful exception...
   while ( begin1 != end1 ) 
   {
      *output++ = f( *begin1++, *begin2++ );
   }
}
// usage:
void string_operations( std::string str1, // by value so we can change it
     std::string const & str2 )
{
   // in place modification
   apply( str1.begin(), str1.end(), str2.begin(), str2.end(), 
          str1.begin(), or<char>() );

   // out of place: copy
   std::string and_string;
   apply( str1.begin(), str1.end(), str2.begin(), str2.end(), 
          std::back_inserter(and_string), and<char>() );
}

Answer 3

assuming I understand your needs...

for AND:

std::string AND(std::string value, std::string key)
{
  uint32_t klen = key.length();
  uint32_t vlen = value.length();
  uint32_t max_len = (klen > vlen) ? klen : vlen;
  char * ret_str = (char *)calloc(max_len, sizeof(char));
  const char * v_str = value.c_str();
  const char * k_str = key.c_str();
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < max_len; i++)
  {
    if (i >= klen || i >= vlen)
      ret_str[i] = 0x00;
    else
      ret_str[i] = v_str[i] & k_str[i];
  }
  std::string to_return(ret_str);
  free(ret_str);
  return to_return;
}

and NOT

std::string NOT(std::string value)
{
  const char v_str = value.c_str();
  char * ret_str = (char *)calloc(value.size(), sizeof(char));
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++)
  {
    ret_str[i] = ~(v_str[i]);
  }
  string to_return(ret_str);
  free(ret_str);
  return to_return;
}

and OR:

std::string OR(std::string value, std::string key)
{
  uint32_t klen = key.length();
  uint32_t vlen = value.length();
  uint32_t max_len = (klen > vlen) ? klen : vlen;
  char * ret_str = (char *)calloc(max_len, sizeof(char));
  const char * v_str = value.c_str();
  const char * k_str = key.c_str();
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < max_len; i++)
  {
    if (i >= klen || i >= vlen)
    {
      ret_str[i] = (klen > vlen) ? k_str[i] : v_str[i];
    }
    else
    {
      ret_str[i] = v_str[i] | k_str[i];
    }
  }
  std::string to_return(ret_str);
  free(ret_str);
  return to_return;
}

I apologize in advance for any errors. :-S