Is there any special character that cannot be a part of the path in Windows or Unix that I can use it as a separator?
Technically, Unix does allow any character in a folder/filename, except /
of course, which would be interpreted as as part of the path.
Windows does only support printable characters and some special characters excluding \ / : * ? " < > |
.
Forward slash '/' should do it: http://wiki.dailydata.net/index.php/File_Naming
I would be careful with custom separators because they might break in the future, e.g. if someone uses unicode and your custom separator is part of another character.
Wikipedia helpfully lists the reserved characters for different filesystems. Neither NTFS nor POSIX will accept the null or slash (/) characters in filenames. The slash character is obviously not a good separator, so maybe you could use null.
Of course null isn't suited to all situations (e.g. it isn't usually visible when printed), in which case you might have to use some sort of escaping scheme.
Java, which aims to work across different platforms, doesn't even try to find a common path separator. Instead each platform has its own character, accessible through an API.
what about the delimiter for PATH environment variable? ; for windows, and : for linux.