Form validation is the process of confirming that the data that a user enters into a form field fulfils one or more rules that you have defined.
Currently, the only way to do this is with an imperative language such as JavaScript on the client side, or some other language (e.g. c#) on the server side. Future versions of HTML may include options for declarative solutions... but don't worry about that.
If JavaScript is disabled on the client side, then the only option is to do server side validation. This means that the contents of the form are submitted to the server; if validation fails, the server would respond with the original form, preferably with the user's content in place and an indication of what failed.
Server side validation can work as a graceful degradation. Implement server side validation first, then add client side validation as a layer on top of that.