Sure you can. You need a complex type (that adds the name attribute) derived from a simple type (that constrains the integer from one to 7):
<xs:simpleType name="NumericWeekday">
<xs:restriction base="xs:int">
<xs:minInclusive value="1"/>
<xs:maxInclusive value="7"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
<xs:complexType name="Weekday">
<xs:simpleContent>
<xs:extension base="NumericWeekday">
<xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:extension>
</xs:simpleContent>
</xs:complexType>
I will leave it to you to turn the name attribute into an enumeration.