Are Fortran, Cobol, Basic and Forth high level programming languages?
And if not, what where the first high level programming languages?
What where the first object-oriented languages?
+2
A:
High-level isn't a binary value. There are a whole range of languages in a spectrum from low-level to high-level.
The languages you named are higher level than assembly, but lower level than Lisp.
According to Wikipedia:
The first high-level programming language to be designed for a computer was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse.
Mark Byers
2010-06-06 14:18:25
Plankalkül was designed but never implemented until the year 2000. That makes it a bit of a Johnny-come-lately.
JUST MY correct OPINION
2010-06-06 14:35:54
+6
A:
Fortran - first high level programming language.
Simula - first object-oriented language.
shk
2010-06-06 14:20:20
+1
A:
The first OO language was probably Simula, though not many people knew it until Smalltalk came along.
High Performance Mark
2010-06-06 14:20:22
He said Simula not Simula-I. Simula is common name for both Simula I and Simula 67. And even language creators said that: "SIMULA I (1962-65) and Simula 67 (1967) are the two first object-oriented languages." From http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~kristen/FORSKNINGSDOK_MAPPE/F_OO_start.html
kemiisto
2010-06-06 17:12:48
A:
As for your last question:
Among the first object oriented programming languages was http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula
The first more or less popular object-oriented language was http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk
efi
2010-06-06 14:20:34
+1
A:
They do since they hide computer hardware abstraction, so they can be considered as high-level.
The first object-oriented language was SmallTalk, according to Wikipedia.
CharlesB
2010-06-06 14:21:21
Wikipedia is wrong. Simula-67, as you can guess by the name, was made in 1967. Smalltalk was made in the '70s.
JUST MY correct OPINION
2010-06-06 14:34:48
He's oversimplifying. Wikipedia actually says "The Simula programming language was the first to introduce the concepts underlying object-oriented programming" while "Smalltalk was the first programming language to be *called* 'object-oriented'".
Ken
2010-06-07 02:02:43
@Ken: Smalltalk may have been _called_ object-oriented, but Simula _was_ object-oriented, and introduced the "class" concept.
John Saunders
2010-06-07 02:10:12
John R. Strohm
2010-07-08 20:38:01
A:
It's all relative. C is high level for those who write Python, C++ for Java developers and so on.
As for the OP's question, yes Fortran is certainly high level. Modern Fortran is almost like MATLAB.
rusi.pathan
2010-06-06 23:34:28
c is a low level language as it is very close to the OS and hardware with very little abstraction.
Neil Aitken
2010-06-06 23:43:29
A:
Obviously the 'high' in the first sentence is a typo. It should have been 'low'
rusi.pathan
2010-06-07 01:57:38
Use the edit button below your posts to edit them when you make mistakes.
Donnie
2010-06-07 02:40:01
A:
"High-level" can have different meanings -- some languages are at higher-levels than others, abstracting farther away from the machine. The original FORTRAN was delivered in 1957 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran) and was, AFAIK, the first implemented language at a higher level than assembly. Other languages since then can be classified as higher-level. For example, the current Fortran standard, Fortran 2003, has a much higher level of abstraction than the original FORTRAN, providing array operations, some OO features, etc.
M. S. B.
2010-06-07 02:26:59
A:
COBOL and FORTRAN (as they are now) as higher level than C. The abstraction of underlying machine is greater. One should expect a COBOL program - even of considerable complexity - to compile on Windows or *Nix without alteration. The same is true of Fortran (though my knowledge is more out of date here).
The latest versions of COBOL are very high level - see managed cobol here: http://knol.google.com/k/alex-turner/micro-focus-managed-cobol/2246polgkyjfl/4#
Please note - I work for a COBOL company - Micro Focus. This might mean my input is biased :)
alex turner
2010-06-07 08:30:55