Has the requirement to deploy the .NET framework with a .NET application caused programmers to go back to languages such as C++ where more standalone applications can be created?
I think it's more of a question that many people held of switching to .Net until the framework became more prevalent. Now, when most Windows computers have at least .Net 2.0 I can't see that being a big factor for most developers though, but might stop some people from using features from never versions of the framework.
I can't imagine that to be seen frequently. It means that Java developers also must go to C++. Also I believe there are much more important factors to be considered while choosing language or platform then just need of installing framework.
It's not that the framework is really big. The 3.5 Client Profile is about 24MB (despite the fact that you'd have to extract it manually from the large download). A C++ app with common Qt libraries will also sum up to a two-digit number, let alone additional resources. And the framework may be already installed, and can be installed online if it is not - you don't really have to distribute a lot. What you get with .NET, however, is a not only a productive development environment with short turnaround times and great debugging tools, but also one of the largest class libraries available. I have a large poster with a BCL overview in my office - it's really large, with a huge amount of small boxes with small text, literally hundreds. And a box is just a namespace, not a class. Good trade for maybe a few MB here and there.