Use CurrentProject.Connection, which should be your connection to SQL Server. You need to use ADO with CurrentProject.Connection. It's been a while since I've used ADP, but I just created this test code which looks similar to what you're attempting, and it seems to work OK.
Public Sub foo()
Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
Dim strSql As String
strSql = "SELECT * FROM Facilities;"
Set rs = CurrentProject.Connection.Execute(strSql)
Debug.Print rs(0)
rs.Close
Set rs = Nothing
End Sub
But I really don't know if this is the best way to proceed. It sounds like your TBL_Klanten may be a user-defined function. With my test ADP, and Access 2003, the UDFs are displayed in the Queries section of the Database Window. So I suspect there may be a better way to use them, but I don't know how.
Edit: Since you mentioned parameters, here is an example with a UDF which expects a string value.
Public Sub foo2()
Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
Dim strSql As String
strSql = "SELECT * FROM UDF_GetRecipientByAlias('VM2003\hans');"
Set rs = CurrentProject.Connection.Execute(strSql)
Debug.Print rs(0)
rs.Close
Set rs = Nothing
End Sub