If your using Microsoft SQL Server, a good way to test how efficient the query is to run SQL Server Profiler (From Tools). Then as you run the query you should see your query being called with information on how efficient it is.
You can also export your log from profiler as an xml file into the Database Engine Tuning Advisor which might help you with ideas for creating indexes on your table.
Another technique is to include SET STATISTICS IO ON in your query, then in messages you will get a list of tables (1 in your case) and the number of reads etc performed by the query
Another is to include the execution plan in the results by clicking on the 'Include Actual Execution Plan' button in SQL Server Management Studio
This can be a little complicated, but should tell you if your index is being used or not.