Yes, non-adssys user can run the system procedures and use select to retrieve information from the system tables. Advantage uses a permission, and user/role based system to determine the user's access to the objects in the database. The user's permission will determine whether the procedure can be executed successfully or how much information are returned from the system tables.
This link provides the comprehensive information on the permission system in the Advantage data dictionary.
With regards to tables and views, to see the name of a table or view, the user must have at least the SELECT permission on the table a view. To modify table property such as constraint and index of a table the user must have ALTER permission to the table. For users who do not have ALTER permission to the table, those constrain objects and index objects are hidden from the them.
For stored procedures, the user must have EXECUTE permission on the procedure in order to see the name of the procedure.
The favored method for managing the permissions is to assign users to groups (roles), and grant permissions to the groups. User belonging to a group will inherit the permission from the group.