Geocoding in R with Google Maps

Question

I've tried running the code to geocode locations in R via Google Maps and the XML package from this blog post: http://www.r-chart.com/2010/07/maps-geocoding-and-r-user-conference.html

Here are his functions:

getDocNodeVal=function(doc, path){
  sapply(getNodeSet(doc, path), function(el) xmlValue(el))
}

gGeoCode=function(str){
  library(XML)
  u=paste('http://maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/xml?sensor=false&address=',str)
  doc = xmlTreeParse(u, useInternal=TRUE)
  str=gsub(' ','%20',str)
  lng=getDocNodeVal(doc, "/GeocodeResponse/result/geometry/location/lat")
  lat=getDocNodeVal(doc, "/GeocodeResponse/result/geometry/location/lng")
  c(lat,lng)
}

When I run gGeoCode(), I get the following error:

> gGeoCode("Philadelphia, PA")
failed to load external entity "http%3A//maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/xml%3Fsensor=false&address=%20Philadelphia,%20PA"
Error: 1: failed to load external entity "http%3A//maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/xml%3Fsensor=false&address=%20Philadelphia,%20PA"

If I just paste into a browser the API url with Philadelphia, PA appended to the end, like the string passed to xmlParseTree, I get a result that looks like legitimate xml when I download it.

Is this an issue with the code, or have I failed to configure something or another?

Answer 1

This is another option for geocoding - it may be easier to parse:

https://webgis.usc.edu/Services/Geocode/Default.aspx

Answer 2

Have you thought about using the json call instead? Looking at your code, you could achieve the same doing this (you'll need to install packages RCurl and RJSONIO from omegahat.com).

Copy and paste this into R:

library(RCurl)
library(RJSONIO)

construct.geocode.url <- function(address, return.call = "json", sensor = "false") {
  root <- "http://maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/"
  u <- paste(root, return.call, "?address=", address, "&sensor=", sensor, sep = "")
  return(URLencode(u))
}

gGeoCode <- function(address) {
  u <- construct.geocode.url(address)
  doc <- getURL(u)
  x <- fromJSON(doc)
  lat <- x$results[[1]]$geometry$location$lat
  lng <- x$results[[1]]$geometry$location$lng
  return(c(lat, lng))
}

Here's how you use the above functions:

x <- gGeoCode("Philadelphia, PA")

This is the result you get. I think in the original code, lat and lng are mixed up? But hopefully this is what you want:

> x
[1]  39.95233 -75.16379

Hope that helps a little mate,

Tony Breyal