In modern browsers there have been a lot of measures put in place to keep a (malicious) developer from determining anything about the user's filesystem. As a result there is little you can do in this respect in JavaScript.
There are several alternatives I can think of.
- Use the filesystem object (ActiveX) in IE (only) as mentioned by sAc.
- Write a flash applet that handles the uploading of files (like gmail does).
- Write any other type of plugin (Java, etc) or applet that would do the same as #2.
You're not going to get the information you're looking for using pure JavaScript without a roundtrip to the server.