I guess I could rattle off some exams, like the MCP exams, or BrainBench, but you have to pay lots of money for those.
If you were really sold on taking an exam to gauge your competency, you could get a one of the MCP exam prep guides for ASP.NET, C#, and SQL Server and see how well you comprehend and take in that material. I'm not sure that it's the most accurate way of measuring competency though.
You can get a good qualitative evaluation of your SQL Server skills by simply reading Itzik's or Kalen's books and seeing how you comprehend them. For .NET, read Richter and critically evaluate yourself against the concepts you find in that book. Do those concepts make sense?
Probably the most valuable way to get feedback is to ask your senior developers for a frank evaluation of your skills.
If you're asking how I evaluate my junior developers, it's pretty easy once I see their code and they get a track record for a few months, but I don't believe quantitative analysis is the best way. Instead, I ask questions like:
- Can they deliver?
- Are they writing good code?
- Are they taking the initiative to learn more?
- What have they brought to the table?
- Do they understand the software development lifecycle?
- Do they break builds?
- Are they good team players, or do they code in solitude?
- Do they make suggestions?
- Are they open to others' suggestions?
- Do their design decisions make sense for the projects they've been on?
Ask yourself how your leaders would answer these questions about you. If you are seriously confident that they will respond positively, you will have an easier time "grading yourself".