Will a C conditional always return 1 or 0?

Question

Do C conditional statements always return [1 or 0], or do they return [0 or 'something other than zero']. I ask because:

pseudo code -

foo(address, shouldSend):
register >>= 1
register <<= 1 // to clear bit in first position
register |= shouldSend // to signal whether it should send or not

the problem occurs if somebody passin IN a shouldSend value of true greater than one (as only 0 is false and all else is true, technically this is valid). since i am directly OR'ing the truth value of shouldSend with the register, it better not be say 0xFF! i already have a solution, so the question is more for curiousity sake. i am wondering though if:

foo(address, shouldSend):
register >>= 1
register <<= 1 // to clear bit in first position
register |= (shouldSend > 0) // to signal whether it should send or not

solves the problem? i would think that now the problem of an 0xFF(or in general, something greater than 1) passed in is masked by the C conditional. but this only holds IF C conditionals are guaranteed to return [0 or 1].

ps - i also realize that it is probably compiler dependent, but what does the ansi standard say about this?

Answer 1

Standard specifies that the result is always integer value equals to 0 or 1

6.5.8 Relational operators

Each of the operators < (less than), > (greater than), <= (less than or equal to), and >= (greater than or equal to) shall yield 1 if the specified relation is true and 0 if it is false.92) The result has type int.

Answer 2

Doesn't matter if it is specified or not. It is best to always test against false and be explicit about your or-equals values. This removes any worry about compiler implementations and is clearer and more maintainable.

Answer 3

Rather than right shifting and left shifting back again to clear the LSB, I would bitwise-and it with 0xFE:

register = register & 0xFE;

[edit: assuming register is 8 bits. If not, adapt right hand operand as necessary]

But yes, if shouldSend is a result of a conditional test then it is guaranteed by the standard to be either 0 or 1. If there's any doubt about whether shouldSend could be generated from anywhere else it would be wise to put in the sort of precaution you have, or something like

register = register | (shouldSend ? 1 : 0);

Answer 4

Yes. This is guaranteed in C99. I don't have the C89 spec handy. Of course, compiler implementers have been known to make mistakes on occasion so YMMV.

C99 specifies the following in paragraph 6 of 6.5.8 Relational operators:

Each of the operators < (less than), > (greater than), <= (less than or equal to), and >= (greater than or equal to) shall yield 1 if the specified relation is true and 0 if it is false.

The same or similar clauses appear in paragraph 3 of 6.5.9 Equality operators, paragraph 3 of 6.5.13 Logical AND operator, and paragraph 3 of 6.5.14 Logical OR operator.