Your question isn't really a .NET question... it is a concern that every web framework and web developer deals with in some way.
Most agree that for the main user facing portion of your website you should avoid long query strings in favor of a url structure that makes "sense" to the website visitor. Try to use a logical hierarchy that when the visitor reads it there is a good chance they can deduce where they are on the site. Click around StackOverflow in a few areas and see what they have done with the url's. You usually have a pretty good idea what you're looking at and where you are.
A couple of other heads up... Although a lot of database lookups are done with the primary key it's also a good idea to provide a user friendly name of the resource in your url instead of just the primary key. You see StackOverflow doing that in the current address where they're doing the lookup with the primary key "3544483" but also including an SEO/user friendly url paramenter "are-querystrings-in-net-good-practice." If someone emailed you that link you'd have a pretty good idea of what you're about to open up.
I'm not really sure how WebForms handles Url Routing but if you're struggling to grasp the concepts go through the MVC NerdDinner tutorial. They cover some basic url routing in there that could help.