You could do this with a snippet of Javascript & jQuery. Have a function that's fired by a timer that periodically reads the form data you want to save and posts it back to a SaveDraft.aspx page. In this page persists the data somewhere (such as a database).
If the user logs out or their session is lost you can query for this data and pre-populate the form if the data exists.
On your data entry ASPX page:
// Usual ASP.NET page directives go here
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head runat="server">
    <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.min.js" ></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
      <div>
        <asp:textbox id="username" runat="server" /><br />
        <asp:textbox id="password" runat="server" /><br />
        <asp:textbox id="realName" runat="server" /><br />
        <asp:button id="Submit" onclick="Submit_Click" 
              usesubmitbehavior="true" runat="server" />
      </div>
    </form>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      $(document).ready(function () {
        // Configure to save every 5 seconds
        window.setInterval(saveDraft, 5000);
      });
      // The magic happens here...
      function saveDraft() {
        $.ajax({
          type: "POST",
          url: "SaveDraft.aspx",
          data: ({
            username: $("#<%=username.ClientID %>").val(),
            password: $("#<%=password.ClientID %>").val(),
            realName: $("#<%=realName.ClientID %>").val()
          }),
          success: function (response) {
            alert('saved draft');
          }
        });
      }
    </script>
  </body>
</html>
In your SaveDraft.aspx page:
public partial class SaveDraft : System.Web.UI.Page
{
  protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
    string username = Response.Form["username"];
    string password = Response.Form["password"];
    string realName = Response.Form["realName"];
    // Save data somewhere at this point    
  }
}
That should get you started.