There are some types with "sys.ku$_" prefix, but is that "ku" abbreviation of something? Just nice to know things :)
Maybe it stands for "knowledge unit"? In Knowledge Management systems:
a KU is anything worth storing that may help things to be done better in the future: help, best practice guidelines etc.
Anyway I don't have any further ideas about this abbreviation etymology :)
My suspicion: They're struct definitions in the Oracle kernel, as the V$ objects are public interfaces to dynamic performance information, the GV$ objects are the cross-instance version of the V$ objects, and the X$ objects are the actual data in the kernel. (Think of them as a linked-list of structs, as that's how a lot of them seem to be implemented. Oracle's doesn't call them, for example, "LRU chains" by accident.)
My opinion: You don't need to know what they are, and you should never ever depend on them, because Oracle can and will changed them without any notification.