I thank Matli for having explained that the CAN interface API probably has functions to retrieve the ID, data length and the data of a CANopen message.
Based on the explanation, one could tell if the frame is a PDO and derive the sender node's ID from the COB-ID.
My next question would be, if the data contains more than 1 value, how do I know what these values represent? And how do I break up the data into individual values? Am I right to say that the relationship between the PDOs and data to be transmitted are defined in the communication profile?