strdup() function

Question

I recently became aware that the strdup() function I've enjoyed using so much on OS X is not part of ANSI C, but part of POSIX. I don't want to rewrite all my code, so I think I'm just going to write my own strdup() function. It's not that hard, really, it's just a malloc() and a strcpy(). Anyway, I have the function, but what am I doing if I write this function and link it to my code, and it already exists in the libc? Will my linker or compiler allow me to basically define my own version of the function, or do I have to give it another name? It would be terribly convenient if there was a way to reuse the same name, so that if strcpy() exists in the user's libc they could use that, but if it didn't exist in their libc they could use my version instead, with as little code change as possible.

The short version:

a) What happens when I write my own function with the same name as a built-in function?

b) What can I do to avoid bad things happening to me on platforms that don't have strdup() without rewriting all my code to not use strdup(), which is just a bit tedious?

Answer 1

Usually, you just use an #if to define the function you want when under a certain compiler. If the built-in library doesn't define strdup, there is no problem in defining it yourself (other than if they do define it in the future, you'll have to take it out.)

// Only define strdup for platforms that are missing it..
#if COMPILER_XYZ || COMPILER_ABC
char *strdup(const char *)
{
   // ....
}
#endif

Answer 2

a) What happens when I write my own function with the same name as a built-in function?

You cannot re-define a function that already exists in a header file you are including. This will result in a compilation error.

b) What can I do to avoid bad things happening to me on platforms that don't have strdup() without rewriting all my code to not use strdup(), which is just a bit tedious?

I would recommend creating your own wrapper function to strdup, and replacing all your calls to use the new wrapper function. For example:

char *StringDuplicate(const char *s1)
{
#ifdef POSIX
    return strdup(s1);
#else
    /* Insert your own code here */
#endif
}

Changing all your calls from strdup to StringDuplicate() should be a simple find-and-replace operation, making it a feasible approach. The platform-specific logic will then be kept in a single location rather than being scattered throughout your codebase.

Answer 3

FYI: I've never personally seen an environment that did not define strdup().

Answer 4

you could just use a macro like this, this way you can use the old name, but linker will see a different name;

char *my_strdup(const char *s) {
    char *p = malloc(strlen(s) + 1);
    if(p) { strcpy(p, s); }
    return p;
}

/* this goes in whatever header defines my_strdup */
char *my_strdup(const char *s);
#define strdup(x) my_strdup(x)

Answer 5

You should also consider avoiding the creation of any identifier (including a function) that begins with str[a-z]. While this isn't reserved, the C standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999) section 7.26.11 (future library directions) states "Function names that begin with str, mem, or wcs and a lowercase letter may be added to the declarations in the header."

Answer 6

As Rob Kennedy noted the best way is to test inside your building scripts if this functions exists or not. I know that it is fairly easy with autoconfig, but probably with other cross-platform building scripts tools, too.

Then you simply place in your header file:

#ifndef HAVE_STRDUP
# ifdef HAVE__STRDUP
#  define strdup _strdup
# else
#  define strdup my_strdup
# endif
#endif

If strdup already exists on the target platform the libc version is used, if not your custom my_strdup function will be used.

Answer 7

If anyone else reads this: Don't use a platform's strdup() even if available, and don't waste time/effort with autoconf/automake just to use it. Seriously, how hard is this:

char* mystrdup(const char* str)
{
 return strcpy(malloc( strlen(str) + 1),str);
}

Does this really warrant #ifdefs? Compiler checks? K.I.S.S.