What does {0} mean when found in a string in c#?

Question

Hi,

In a dictionary like this:

Dictionary<string, string> openWith = new Dictionary<string, string>();

openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe");
openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe");
openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe");
openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe");

Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.", openWith["rtf"]);

The output is:

For Key = "rtf" value = wordpad.exe

What does the {0} means?

Thank you.

Answer 1

You are printing a formatted string. The {0} means to insert the first parameter following the format string; in this case the value associated with the key "rtf".

For String.Format, which is similar, if you had something like

//            Format string                    {0}           {1}
String.Format("This {0}.  The value is {1}.",  "is a test",  42 )

you'd create a string "This is a test. The value is 42".

You can also use expressions, and print values out multiple times:

//            Format string              {0} {1}  {2}
String.Format("Fib: {0}, {0}, {1}, {2}", 1,  1+1, 1+2)

yielding "Fib: 1, 1, 2, 3"

See more at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/txafckwd.aspx, which talks about composite formatting.

Answer 2

It's a placeholder for the first parameter, which in your case evaluates to "wordpad.exe".

If you had an additional parameter you'd use {1} etc.

Answer 3

It's a placeholder for a parameter much like the %s format specifier acts within printf.

You can start adding extra things in there to determine the format too, though that makes more sense with numeric variable (examples here).

Answer 4

Please read the documentation rather than asking us to explain stuff to you. The answer, with lots of examples, is on MSDN. It is more than acceptable to ask questions once you've gone as far as you can on your own, but I question if you looked for an answer at all.

Answer 5

It's a place holder in the string. For example:

string b = "world.";

Console.WriteLine("Hello {0}", b);

Would produce this output:

Hello world.

Edit: Also, you can have as many placeholders as you wish. This also works on String.Format.

string b = "world.";
string a = String.Format("Hello {0}", b);

Console.WriteLine(a);

And you would still get the very same output.

Answer 6

In addition to the value you wish to print, the {0} {1} etc. you can specify a format. For example, {0,4} will be a value that is padded to 4 spaces. There are a number of built-in format specifiers, and in addition, you can make your own. For a decent tutiorial/list see http://blog.stevex.net/index.php/string-formatting-in-csharp/ also, there is a FAQ here

Answer 7

Thanks all.

I got it now.

Answer 8

For future reference, in Visual Studio you can try placing the cursor in the method name (eg. WriteLine) and press F1 to pull up help on that context. Digging around should then find you String.Format() in this case, with lots of helpful info.

Note that highlighting a selection (eg. double-clicking or doing a drag-select) and hitting F1 only does a non-context string search (which tends to suck at finding anything helpful), so make sure you just position the cursor anywhere inside the word without highlighting it.

This is also helpful for documentation on classes and other types.