Is the Google PageRank calculated as one value for a whole website (domain) or is it computed for every single webpage?
How much Google follows publicly known PageRank algorithm is their trade secret. In generic algorithm page rank is calculated per document.
Edit: original, generic PageRank explained http://www.ams.org/featurecolumn/archive/pagerank.html
Google PageRank
Here is a snippet and the link to an explanation from Google Themselves:
http://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html
PageRank Technology: PageRank reflects our view of the importance of web pages by considering more than 500 million variables and 2 billion terms. Pages that we believe are important pages receive a higher PageRank and are more likely to appear at the top of the search results.
PageRank also considers the importance of each page that casts a vote, as votes from some pages are considered to have greater value, thus giving the linked page greater value. We have always taken a pragmatic approach to help improve search quality and create useful products, and our technology uses the collective intelligence of the web to determine a page's importance.